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Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating wastewater

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1568-1580 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2303-2

摘要： By using a two-step hydrothermal method and trithiocyanuric acid (TTCA), 2,4,6-trihydrazino-1,3,5-triazine (THT), and Fe₃O₄ as raw materials, a spherical magnetic adsorbent polymer (TTCA/THT@Fe₃O₄) was synthesized to achieve the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of TTCA/THT@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI) can reach 1340 mg∙g^‒1. Notably, the removal efficiency can approach 98.9%, even at the lower concentration of 20 mg∙L^‒1 Cr(VI). For actual wastewater containing Cr(VI), the Cr(VI) concentration was reduced from 25.8 to 0.4 mg∙L^‒1, a remarkable 20% lower than the current industry discharge standard value. A mechanism for the high adsorption performance of Cr(VI) on TTCA/THT@Fe₃O₄ was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. It can be plausibly attributed to the formation of Cr/N and Cr/S coordination bonds. Additionally, surface electrostatic adsorption, reduction effects, and the spherical polymer structure increase the contact area with Cr(VI), maximizing adsorption. The synergistic effect of adsorption and reduction enhances the adsorption performance of TTCA/THT@Fe₃O₄ for Cr(VI) and total chromium in water. The resultant polymer has a simple preparation process, excellent adsorption performance, easy magnetic separation, and promising application for actual wastewater.

关键词： magnetic polymer chromium removal hydrogen bonding recyclability actual wastewater

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The electrostatic-alloy bonding technique used in MEMS

WANG Wei, CHEN Wei-ping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 238-241 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0011-5

摘要： Electrostatic-alloy bonding of silicon wafer with glass deposited by Au to form Si/Au-glass water, and bonding of Si/Au-glass with silicon wafer were researched during fabrication of pressure sensors. The silicon wafer and glass wafer with an Au film resistor were bonded by electrostatic bonding, and then Si-Au alloy bonding was formed by annealing at 400vH for 2 h. The air sealability of the cavity after bonding was finally tested using the N filling method. The results indicate that large bond strength was obtained at the bonding interface. This process was used in fabricating a pressure sensor with a sandwich structure. The results indicate that the sensor presented better performances and that the bonding techniques can be used in MEMS packaging.

关键词： Si/Au-glass strength MEMS packaging process sandwich structure

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Ultraviolet exposure enhanced silicon direct bonding

Guanglan LIAO, Xuekun ZHANG, Xiaohui LIN, Canghai MA, Lei NIE, Tielin SHI,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 87-92 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0078-x

摘要： Ultraviolet (UV) exposure, as an additional technique following the traditional wet chemical activation processes, is applied to enhance hydrophilic silicon direct bonding. The effects of UV exposure on silicon wafers’ nano-topography and bonding strength are studied. It is found that the surface roughness of silicon wafers initially decreases and then increases with UV exposure time, and the bonding strength increases and then decreases accordingly. The correlations of annealing temperature and annealing time vs. bonding strength are experimentally explored. Results indicate that the bonding strength increases sharply then gently with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time using UV exposure. Besides, the reliability of silicon direct bonding with UV exposure enhancement after the high/low temperature cycle test, constant temperature and humidity test, vibration test and shock test is investigated. It follows from the results that the bonding strength of silicon wafer pairs with UV exposure decreases after the environmental tests, whereas the residual strength is still higher than that without UV exposure, and the variation trends of bonding strength vs. UV exposure time, annealing temperature and annealing time remain unchanged. Therefore, following the traditional wet chemical activation processes, appropriate UV exposure (about three minutes in this study) is effective and promising to enhance silicon direct bonding.

关键词： ultraviolet (UV) exposure silicon direct bonding bonding strength reliability

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Patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet adhesive

Rui ZHUO, Guanglan LIAO, Wenliang LIU, Lei NIE, Tielin SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 214-218 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0130-5

摘要：

The process of patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet (UV) adhesive as the intermediate layer was studied. By presetting the UV adhesive guide-layer, controlling the thickness of the intermediate layer (1– 1.5 μm), appropriate pre-drying temperature (60°C), and predrying time (6 min), we obtained the intermediate layer bonding of patterned quartz/quartz. Experimental results indicate that patterned wafer bonding using UV adhesive is achieved under room temperature. The process also has advantages of easy operation, low cost, and no plugging or leakage in the patterned area after bonding. Using the process, a microfluidic chip for red blood cell counting was designed and fabricated. Patterned wafer bonding using UV adhesive will have great potential in the fabrication of microfluidic chips.

关键词： ultraviolet (UV) adhesive intermediate layer patterned wafer bonding

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A space solar cell bonding robot

FU Zhuang, ZHAO Yan-zheng, LIU Ren-qiang, DONG Zhi

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 360-363 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0027-x

摘要： A space solar cell bonding robot system which consists of a three-axis Cartesian coordinate s robot, coating device, bonding device, orientation plate, and control subsystem was studied. A method, which can control the thickness o

关键词： Cartesian coordinate thickness three-axis Cartesian orientation control subsystem

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淀粉基API胶合木胶接结构破坏模式及失效机理

时君友,徐文彪,王淑敏

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第4期页码 40-44

摘要：

以淀粉基水性高分子异氰酸酯（API）胶合木胶接结构为研究对象，以胶接的压缩剪切强度为评估指标，通过加速湿热老化试验对胶接结构的破坏模式和失效机理进行了研究。结果表明：胶接结构的断裂性质为韧性断裂，且随着老化时间的增加，其破坏模式为由内聚破坏向内聚破坏+界面破坏转变。在湿热老化试验前期温度对压缩剪切试样性能起主要作用，在老化后期湿度起主要作用。

关键词：胶接结构加速湿热老化断裂性质破坏模式

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Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Shoshan T. Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 465-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1641-3

摘要： For more than six decades, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) has been the central process in the surface pre-treatment of aluminum for adhesively bonded aircraft structures. Unfortunately, this electrolyte contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a compound known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. To comply with the new strict international regulations, the Cr(VI)-era will soon have to come to an end. Anodizing aluminum in acid electrolytes produces a self-ordered porous oxide layer. Although different acids can be used to create this type of structure, the excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance that is currently achieved by the complete Cr(VI)-based process is not easily matched. This paper provides a critical overview and appraisal of proposed alternatives to CAA, including combinations of multiple anodizing steps, pre- and post anodizing treatments. The work is presented in terms of the modifications to the oxide properties, such as morphological features (e.g., pore size, barrier layer thickness) and surface chemistry, in order to evaluate the link between fundamental principles of adhesion and bond performance.

关键词： aluminum Cr(VI)-free surface pre-treatments anodizing adhesive bonding

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ARC welding method for bonding steel with aluminum

Zhenyang LU, Pengfei HUANG, Wenning GAO, Yan LI, Hanpeng ZHANG, Shuyan YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 134-146 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0033-x

摘要： When welding steel with aluminum, the appearance of intermetallic compounds of Fe and Al will decrease tenacity and increase rigidity, which leads to bad joint performance. A new type of low energy input (LEI) welding technology is introduced which can be used to weld steel with aluminum. Using the technology, brazing was located on the steel side and arc fusion welding on the aluminum side. The less heat input reduces the thickness of intermetallic compounds to 3-4 μm. Tensile strength tests prove that the joint breaks at the heat-affected zone and the strength is higher than 70% of the aluminum’s. Thus, the method can lead to a good performance joint.

关键词： joining of steel and aluminum low energy input welding arc welding fusion welding – brazing

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用于微电子机械系统封装的体硅键合技术和薄膜密封技术

王渭源,王跃林

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 56-62

摘要：

对静电键合、体硅直接键合和界面层辅助键合等三种体硅键合技术，整片操作、局部操作和选择保护等三种密封技术，以及这些技术用于微电子机械系统的密封作了评述，强调在器件研究开始时应考虑封装问题，具体技术则应在保证器件功能和尽量减少芯片复杂性两者之间权衡决定。

关键词：体硅键合技术薄膜密封技术微电子机械系统封装技术

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production hydrogen transportation and storage hydrogen economy carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology assessment

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Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 34-63 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2050-1

摘要： H₂S is well-known as a colorless, acidic gas, with a notoriously rotten-egg smell. It was recently revealed that H₂S is also an endogenous signaling molecule that has important biological functions, however, most of its physiology and pathology remains elusive. Therefore, the enthusiasm for H₂S research remains. Fluorescence imaging technology is an important tool for H₂S biology research. The development of fluorescence imaging technology has realized the study of H₂S in subcellular organelles, facilitated by the development of fluorescent probes. The probes reviewed in this paper were categorized according to their chemical mechanism of sensing and were divided into three groups: H₂S reducibility-based probes, H₂S nucleophilicity-based probes, and metal sulfide precipitation-based probes. The structure of the probes, their sensing mechanism, and imaging results have been discussed in detail. Moreover, we also introduced some probes for hydrogen polysulfides.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probe reducibility nucleophilicity copper sulfide precipitate hydrogen polysulfides

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel: A review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 585-610 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0886-4

摘要： Production of hydrogen, one of the most promising alternative clean fuels, through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible technology. Catalytic conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynamically favorable under atmospheric conditions. However, using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production, thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni, Co, and Cu-based alloys. This paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis, partial oxidation, autothermal, and steam reforming, emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of methane. The multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been summarized. Of the Ni, Co, and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature, Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the catalyst. To avoid carbon emission, this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation processes. The remaining challenges, prospects, and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane catalytic conversion natural gas hydrogen production CCUS

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Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 667-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0767-7

摘要： Owing to the outstanding characteristics of tailorable electronic and optical properties, semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among them, organic polymer dots process large breadth of potential synthetic diversity are the representative of photocatalysts for hydrogen production, which presents both an opportunity and a challenge. In this mini-review, first, the organic polymer photocatalysts were introduced. Then, recent reports on polymer dots which showed a superior photocatalytic activity and a robust stability under visible-light irradiation, for hydrogen production were summarized. Finally, challenges and outlook on using organic polymer dots-based photocatalysts from hydrogen production were discussed.

关键词： polymer dots (Pdots) photocatalysis hydrogen production

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The opportunity of membrane technology for hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen (P2H) roadmap

Hiep Thuan Lu, Wen Li, Ehsan Soroodan Miandoab, Shinji Kanehashi, Guoping Hu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 464-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1983-0

摘要： The global energy market is in a transition towards low carbon fuel systems to ensure the sustainable development of our society and economy. This can be achieved by converting the surplus renewable energy into hydrogen gas. The injection of hydrogen (≤10% v/v) in the existing natural gas pipelines is demonstrated to have negligible effects on the pipelines and is a promising solution for hydrogen transportation and storage if the end-user purification technologies for hydrogen recovery from hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) are in place. In this review, promising membrane technologies for hydrogen separation is revisited and presented. Dense metallic membranes are highlighted with the ability of producing 99.9999999% (v/v) purity hydrogen product. However, high operating temperature (≥300 °C) incurs high energy penalty, thus, limits its application to hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen roadmap. Polymeric membranes are a promising candidate for hydrogen separation with its commercial readiness. However, further investigation in the enhancement of H /CH selectivity is crucial to improve the separation performance. The potential impacts of impurities in HENG on membrane performance are also discussed. The research and development outlook are presented, highlighting the essence of upscaling the membrane separation processes and the integration of membrane technology with pressure swing adsorption technology.

关键词： power to hydrogen membrane technology hydrogen energy

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我国氢能产业发展战略研究

凌文,李全生,张凯

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 80-88 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.009

摘要：

本文从“双碳”目标背景和氢能在我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效现代能源体系中的作用出发，系统梳理了全球氢能产业的进展情况，从氢能产业规模、产业特点、产业政策等方面分析了我国氢能源产业的发展现状、发展需求和面临的主要问题。当前，我国氢能产业战略布局不断强化，氢能基础设施领域投资逐步开展，区域产业集聚效应初步显现，但存在标准体系不健全、产业同质化苗头显现、产业链尚未打通且应用场景单一等挑战。研究建议：进一步加强氢能产业发展顶层设计，系统构建制氢、储氢及用氢技术标准体系，加大氢能全产业链的试点示范与推广，提升氢能科技创新，实现高水平自立自强，进而推动我国氢能产业高质量发展。

关键词：氢能全产业链；碳中和；碳达峰；制氢；供氢；用氢

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标题作者时间类型操作

Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating wastewater

期刊论文

The electrostatic-alloy bonding technique used in MEMS

WANG Wei, CHEN Wei-ping

期刊论文

Ultraviolet exposure enhanced silicon direct bonding

Guanglan LIAO, Xuekun ZHANG, Xiaohui LIN, Canghai MA, Lei NIE, Tielin SHI,

期刊论文

Patterned wafer bonding using ultraviolet adhesive